The archaeological landscape is constantly evolving, demanding updated guidelines to ensure ethical and effective practice. This guide summarizes key aspects of Maryland and the Maryland Historical Trust (MHT) archaeological guidelines as of 2022. While this information aims to be comprehensive, it's crucial to always refer to the official MHT and Maryland State Archaeologist's publications for the most up-to-date and legally binding regulations.
Understanding the Regulatory Framework
Maryland's archaeological regulations stem from a commitment to preserving its rich cultural heritage. These regulations govern archaeological investigations on both public and private lands, balancing development needs with the imperative to protect irreplaceable historical resources. The MHT plays a central role in this process, providing oversight, guidance, and support to archaeologists working within the state.
Key Players & Responsibilities:
- Maryland Historical Trust (MHT): The primary agency responsible for regulating archaeological activity in Maryland. They review project plans, issue permits, and oversee the proper handling and curation of artifacts.
- Maryland State Archaeologist: Provides expert advice and guidance on archaeological matters, working closely with the MHT and other stakeholders.
- Archaeologists: Professionals responsible for conducting fieldwork, analysis, and reporting in accordance with MHT guidelines. This includes adhering to ethical standards and best practices in the field.
- Landowners/Developers: Responsible for complying with Maryland's laws regarding archaeological resources on their property. This often involves engaging qualified archaeologists to conduct investigations.
Core Principles of MD/MHT Archaeological Guidelines (2022)
The 2022 guidelines emphasize several core principles:
- Preservation: Prioritizing the in-situ preservation of archaeological sites whenever feasible. Minimally invasive techniques should be employed whenever possible.
- Documentation: Meticulous record-keeping is paramount, including detailed site mapping, photographic documentation, and comprehensive artifact cataloging. Digital recording methods are increasingly encouraged.
- Mitigation: When development impacts cannot be avoided, mitigation strategies—such as data recovery excavation—must be implemented to ensure the preservation of significant archaeological information.
- Ethical Conduct: Archaeologists are expected to adhere to the highest ethical standards, prioritizing the integrity of the archaeological record and the protection of cultural heritage. This includes proper handling of human remains and culturally sensitive materials.
- Public Education & Outreach: Sharing archaeological discoveries and knowledge with the public through reports, presentations, and educational programs is encouraged.
Specific Considerations:
- Cultural Resource Management (CRM): The majority of archaeological work in Maryland falls under CRM, encompassing the identification, evaluation, and mitigation of archaeological resources affected by development projects.
- Permitting: Any archaeological activity requiring ground disturbance usually necessitates a permit from the MHT. The application process involves submitting a detailed project plan, including methodology and proposed mitigation strategies.
- Reporting: Comprehensive reports documenting all aspects of the archaeological investigation must be submitted to the MHT upon project completion. These reports contribute to the broader understanding of Maryland's archaeological heritage.
- Human Remains: The handling of human remains is subject to strict regulations, emphasizing ethical considerations and respect for the deceased and their descendants.
Staying Updated: Resources and Further Information
This guide provides a broad overview. For detailed and up-to-date information, consult the following resources:
- Maryland Historical Trust Website: The official website provides access to permits, forms, guidelines, and other relevant publications.
- Maryland State Archaeologist's Office: Contact information for the State Archaeologist can be found on the MHT website. They are a valuable resource for specific questions and guidance.
- Professional Archaeological Organizations: Organizations like the Society for American Archaeology (SAA) offer valuable resources and best practices for archaeological professionals.
By adhering to these guidelines, archaeologists, developers, and landowners in Maryland contribute to the responsible stewardship of the state's irreplaceable cultural heritage. Remember that consistent awareness and adherence to the latest regulations are crucial for the effective protection and understanding of Maryland's past.
